Poly(pyridinium salt)s Containing 9,9-Bis(4- aminophenyl)fluorene Moieties with Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties

Authors

Pradip K. Bhowmik, University of Nevada, Las VegasFollow
David King, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Haesook Han, University of Nevada, Las VegasFollow
Andras F. Wacha, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
Matti Knaapila, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-27-2025

Publication Title

Polymers

Volume

17

Issue

13

First page number:

1

Last page number:

19

Abstract

Main-chain conjugated and non-conjugated polyelectrolytes are an important class of materials that have many technological applications ranging from fire-retardant materials to carbon-nanotube composites, nonlinear optical materials, electrochromic materials for smart windows, and optical sensors for biomolecules. Here, we describe a series of poly(pyridinium salt)s-fluorene containing 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene moieties with various organic counterions that were synthesized using ring-transmutation polymerization and metathesis reactions, which are non-conjugated polyelectrolytes. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton (1H) and fluorine 19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers, and elemental analysis. They exhibited polyelectrolytic behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide. Their lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases were examined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. Their emission spectra exhibited a positive solvatochromism on changing the polarity of solvents. They emitted greenish-yellow lights in polar organic solvents. They formed aggregates in polar aprotic and protic solvents with the addition of water (v/v, 0–90%), whose λem peaks were blue shifted.

Keywords

poly(pyridinium salt)s; metathesis reaction; lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase; conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs); hairy-rod supramolecules; polarizing optical microscopy; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); luminescence; UV-Vis spectroscopy

Disciplines

Polymer and Organic Materials | Polymer Chemistry

File Format

pdf

File Size

5010 KB

Language

English

Rights

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Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Repository Citation

Bhowmik, P. K., King, D., Han, H., Wacha, A. F., Knaapila, M. (2025). Poly(pyridinium salt)s Containing 9,9-Bis(4- aminophenyl)fluorene Moieties with Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties. Polymers, 17(13), 1-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym17131785