Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-9-2026

Publication Title

PLOS One

Volume

21

Issue

2

First page number:

1

Last page number:

23

Abstract

This paper proposes an innovative tool designed to standardize the evaluation of validity and reliability studies in the rapidly evolving field of wearable technology. We introduce the WEArable Technology Risk of Bias and Objectivity Tool (WEAR-BOT), a tool that addresses the need for a comprehensive and systematic way to assess bias in studies examining consumer-grade and research-grade wearable devices. This is the first tool designed to evaluate the risk of bias in validation and reliability studies. Other risk of bias tools like the Cochrane ROB, COSMIN, or the many other risk of bias tools are designed for different study methodologies or are overly broad and largely unnecessary for the specifics of validity/reliability testing studies. The development of the WEAR-BOT involved extensive collaboration among experts, encompassing iterative, open-ended discussions, several rounds of anonymous Delphi-style questionnaires, and pilot testing. The tool comprises detailed checklists for both validity and reliability studies, with subdivisions focusing on study design, methodology, statistical analysis methods, and other critical aspects. The tool balances the need for rigor with ease-of-use. It incorporates a variety of questions to rigorously evaluate the risk of bias in these studies and aims to enhance and standardize methodological approaches in the field. The tool is practical, easily available, and easy to use, as it is built in Microsoft Excel and contains macros that are intuitive and easy to use that allow the user to work more efficiently. The WEAR-BOT represents a significant advancement in the standardization of research methods and statistical analysis in the domain of wearable technology.

Controlled Subject

Data processing; Medical risk factors; Measurement equipment; Computer software

Disciplines

Health Information Technology | Quality Improvement

File Format

PDF

File Size

1584 KB

Language

English

Rights

IN COPYRIGHT. For more information about this rights statement, please visit http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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