Award Date

5-15-2026

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Physics and Astronomy

First Committee Member

Zhaohuan Zhu

Second Committee Member

Rebecca Martin

Third Committee Member

Jason Steffen

Fourth Committee Member

Pengtao Sun

Number of Pages

135

Abstract

Understanding planet formation requires linking the large-scale radiative heating of protoplanetary disks to the small-scale dust–gas instabilities that assemble planetesimals. To model the thermal structure that governs where solids survive, how turbulence behaves, and which chemical pathways operate, we developed a new framework in the open-source radiation-hydrodynamics code Athena++, incorporating frequency-dependent dust absorption and scattering opacities and introducing radial rays that self-consistently capture stellar irradiation. Comparisons between hydrostatic disk models and Monte Carlo radiative-transfer benchmarks show that multigroup treatments with only three frequency bands reproduce equilibrium temperatures to within roughly 10% while lowering computational cost by an order of magnitude, enabling efficient modeling of irradiated disks across a wide range of optical depths and resolving the vertical temperature gradients that shape disk dynamics and volatile chemistry. Because these thermal structures control the onset of dust–gas instabilities, we also conduct the first controlled comparison of the streaming instability across seven hydrodynamic codes, spanning finite-volume and finite-difference methods and treating dust either as Lagrangian particles or as a pressureless fluid. While all codes agree on the qualitative progression from exponential growth to filament formation and turbulent saturation, dust-modeling choices introduce the largest quantitative differences at moderate resolution, with particle-based approaches producing higher peak densities and broader high-density tails; these differences diminish at higher resolution, where saturated-state statistics converge. Together, these studies connect radiative heating and local dust dynamics, providing a unified theoretical framework for interpreting multiwavelength observations from JWST and ALMA that probe disk chemistry, temperature structure, and dust–gas substructure.

Keywords

Code comparison; Pebble accretion; Planetesimal formation; Radial drift; Synthetic observations; Vertical shear instability

Disciplines

Astrophysics and Astronomy | Other Physics | Physics

File Format

PDF

File Size

8300 KB

Degree Grantor

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Language

English

Rights

IN COPYRIGHT. For more information about this rights statement, please visit http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Available for download on Saturday, May 15, 2027


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